Traducción del inglés para nuestra próxima segunda edición de Alfabetización en las disciplinas: Una guía para maestros, grados 5-12 disponible a fines del otoño de 2023.
Translation from English from our upcoming 2nd edition of Literacy in the disciplines: A teachers guide, grades 5-12 available in late fall, 2023.
La logística de la enseñanza recíproca también requiere cierta planificación. Los alumnos tendrán que saber qué aspecto tienen las buenas predicciones y cómo plantear una pregunta que pueda ayudar a desarrollar la comprensión una vez aclarada. Aquí entra en juego el modelado. El profesor puede proporcionar buenos modelos, como ha hecho la Dra. Grant en esta página. También aprovechó lo que decían los alumnos para ayudarles a entender que estaban haciendo buenos movimientos cognitivos, como aclarar, por ejemplo. Al principio, puede ser útil planificar con antelación los puntos del texto en los que el profesor o los alumnos pueden hacer una buena predicción, pregunta o aclaración. También puede ser útil planificar momentos del texto durante la lectura en los que un resumen pueda ayudar a los alumnos a cristalizar sus conocimientos.
Solo para uso en el salón de clases. (c) 2023 por TDWolsey
Sin embargo, a medida que los alumnos van dominando estos movimientos cognitivos, pueden ir asumiendo poco a poco los papeles y, finalmente, realizar esos movimientos cognitivos de forma orgánica y no en puntos de parada predeterminados. El andamiaje de la experiencia de aprendizaje para realizar esos movimientos cognitivos es importante.
La Dra. Grant utilizó la técnica de la pecera: un grupo de alumnos leía y practicaba los movimientos cognitivos, mientras que el otro grupo, más numeroso, se sentaba fuera de la pecera para observar. Más tarde, un grupo diferente podría estar en la pecera. Esta es una buena manera de iniciar a los alumnos y de observar y practicar las actividades cognitivas durante la lectura. A medida que los alumnos mejoran en el trabajo con textos complejos utilizando estas estrategias, pueden resultar útiles otros enfoques.
El Dr. Wolsey trabajó exclusivamente con un grupo para ayudarles a adquirir competencias, y una vez que fueron buenos leyendo el texto y encontrando buenos lugares para hacer las predicciones y demás, se convirtieron en los líderes de otros grupos. Era una especie de modelo de formación de formadores para trabajar con clases numerosas cuando el trabajo cognitivo es difícil. Una vez que los formadores/alumnos son bastante buenos leyendo con estas estrategias concretas, pueden empezar a trabajar también con menos apoyo del profesor. El profesor libera gradualmente la responsabilidad (Pearson & Gallagher, 1983), y los alumnos trabajan ahora en pequeños grupos leyendo en voz alta o en silencio mientras discuten diferentes partes del texto. De este modo, toda una clase que trabaja en pequeños grupos puede estar leyendo y aprendiendo del texto y con sus compañeros. Al principio, los alumnos pueden adoptar un papel concreto asociado a la estrategia. Uno es el resumidor, por ejemplo, y otro el predictor. Sin embargo, es fundamental insistir en que estos papeles son sólo para practicar, y los alumnos deben saber que con el tiempo no los utilizarán.
El objetivo final es que los alumnos puedan leer por sí mismos utilizando las estrategias de predecir, preguntar, aclarar y resumir (además de visualizar) mientras leen de forma independiente. Los alumnos pueden llevar un diario con sus resúmenes, preguntas, etc.; sin embargo, en nuestro trabajo hemos aprendido que detenerse a escribir en un diario mientras se lee es perjudicial para el objetivo general de comprensión. Los lectores que se esfuerzan pierden el hilo de sus pensamientos y a los lectores más competentes no les gusta tener que interrumpir algo interesante que están leyendo para escribir en un diario y demostrar que están utilizando las estrategias. Utiliza el diario con moderación mientras los alumnos leen, pero puede que les guste aprender a hacer anotaciones en los textos.
Eche un vistazo a este gráfico para ver cómo un profesor puede liberar gradualmente la responsabilidad del trabajo cognitivo de emplear estrategias del profesor a los estudiantes.
References
Pearson, D., & Gallagher, M. C. (1983). The instruction of reading comprehension. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 8, 317–344
Next Saturday, Dr. Thomas and colleagues from around the world will meet for a symposium in Chicago. The symposium will consist of the following presentations. Dr. Thomas will serve as chair for this symposium.
Ibrahim M. Karkouti – Social Support for Refugee Students
Jill Hallett, Annmarie Handley, Sussan Oladipo, and Rachel Lackey – Refugee Families and The Literacy Landscape: Schools, Libraries, and Changing Community Needs
Mohamed Elhess – Finding Spaces of Belonging on Campus: A Case Study of Refugee Students in America
Daria Mizza – Finding a Pathway to Unlocking Refugees’ Learning Potential: Current Challenges and Lifelong Technology-Enhanced Learning Solutions
Mehmet Karakus and Anas Hajar – Promoting the Well-being of Asylum-Seeking and Refugee Children0 Within and Beyond the School Gates: Insights from the United Kingdom
Laila Kajee – Teaching Refugee Children in Troubling Times
Thomas DeVere Wolsey – When Trauma as a Refugee Transcends Generations: How Teachers Might Be Allies to Help Successive Generations Build Success
Abstract
This symposium consists of seven presentations that explore how educators are meeting the demands of the large and growing population of students who are refugees, and as important, to seek a consensus about what research that informs educational practice is still needed. Three themes include: 1. The built environment (e.g., schools and libraries) and tools (e.g., digital technology), 2. The social support that displaced students and their families need to be successful given the traumas they have encountered and continue to experience, and 3. The means by which educators can foster well-being as students.
Worldwide, large numbers of humans seek asylum or are internally displaced in their own countries (refugees, collectively). Of those, many are students in school or not in school or university. While there is a great deal of attention given, appropriately, to the experiences of refugees, less attention has been afforded to the application of research to the teaching and school leadership practices teachers and other practitioners need to appropriately understand and serve children who are refugees.
Given the large percentage of displaced persons around the world, and the institutionalized discrimination many face along with learning new languages, entering the job market if possible, and many other challenges, this symposium brings together experts to promote dialog about effective instruction for refugee children. In this symposium, consisting of seven presentations, audience and presenters will explore innovative practices. Equally important, audience and presenters will expand the discussion to what research is needed and how best to put extant and new research into practice in schools and similar educational enterprises.
Overview of the presentation
The seven presentations cover three overlapping themes. Each addresses two or more of the three themes including 1. The built environment (e.g., schools and libraries) and tools (e.g., digital technology), 2. Social support that displaced students and their families need to be successful given the traumas they have encountered and continue to experience, and 3. The means by which educators can foster well-being as students adapt to their new situation, whether temporary or permanent.
Scholarly or scientific significance
We argue in these presentations and papers that the significance of research for educators lies primarily in how that research can enrich and improve practice in schools and other educational enterprises. In the case of what is needed to teach displaced children and adults, research that addresses the diverse cultures and unique circumstances that refugee students face in higher education and PK-12. The symposium brings together what has, so far, been piecemeal approaches to a framework for teaching displaced students. Given the trauma, the dehumanizing circumstances that led to seeking asylum, and the polarized political environments that exacerbate the extreme conditions faced by refugees, the discussion to promote effective practices through solid research is past due. In this way, we interrogate consequential education research in pursuit of truth and equity for some of the most vulnerable of students.
Social Support for Refugee Students
Ibrahim M. Karkouti
Purpose: The world’s attention has shifted to two new refugee waves that require immediate response to avoid creating new lost generations in Europe and Central Asia. Specifically, Ukrainian and Afghan students need significant support from teachers, administrators, policymakers, humanitarian aid professionals, and social workers to ease their refugee plight and prevent a dire scenario similar to that of their Syrian counterparts. Notwithstanding the importance of addressing the deleterious and traumatic effects of war and conflict on the wellbeing of Ukrainian and Afghan people, this session will unfold the story of Syrian refugee students in Lebanon, the biggest refugee-hosting country per capita in the world (UNRWA, 2020).
Theoretical Framework: Through the lenses of social support (House, 1981) and multicultural education (Ortiz & Rhoads, 2000), this session will examine the current status of Syrian refugee students in Lebanon.
Method & Sources: Secondary data (empirical research and reports of facts).
Findings & Significance: Specifically, it will discuss teachers’ lack of diversity awareness, describe what refugee students experience inside the classroom, and explain the types of support students need to overcome the barriers that obstruct their education.
Refugee Families and the Literacy Landscape: Schools, Libraries, and Changing Community Needs
Purpose: In this presentation, educators discuss the disparate academic and literacy contexts for serving refugee and newcomer students within the same US city. They share the challenges faced by students, families, educators, administrators, and librarians in their respective contexts and how the pandemic has affected refugee students and families personally and academically. Together, they present strategies and recommendations for addressing educational and social-emotional well-being for refugee students across a variety of contexts in schools and libraries.
Framework: Teachers and students find themselves negotiating a staggering number of linguistic, literacy, and academic histories. As Cushing (2020) writes, “[l]anguage plays a critical role in reproducing imbalances in power and dominance, especially when powerful policy arbiters have the ability to regulate and control the language of others” (p. 432). The schools and library discussed here are based in exceptionally linguistically and demographically diverse areas of Chicago with refugee community resources. Students’ languages and cultures are often absorbed as they assimilate into the dominant culture(s) of the school community.
Methods & Sources: Teacher, administrator, and librarian knowledge of refugee students as individuals can help prevent the disconnection that can form through the social distancing that predates the pandemic and persists. Here, we advocate for pragmatic, asset-based approaches to refugee literacies as newcomers navigate their new and changing communities. Qualitative ethnographic approaches were used throughout.
Findings: Language, culture, trauma, and the pandemic have all presented challenges of particular pertinence to refugee students and their teachers. Teachers find themselves working to bridge the communication gap while also helping all students make sense of content. Refugee families also require explicit instruction in the institutional culture of schools and libraries, from the significance of the school bell to the ramifications of absences and missing work, to accessing playgroups in various languages. Especially for students with interrupted formal schooling (SIFE), these values are not intuitive. Teachers and librarians question their own complicity in upholding these arbitrary, inaccurate, and often punitive institutional practices.
Teaching adolescents with trauma presents an additional challenge. Students arrive emotionally and physically fatigued from traumas associated with leaving their home country, adjusting to a new life, and experiencing homelessness, poverty, lack of food and other resources. For many, the pandemic was just the latest in a series of interruptions to their schooling. In-person cues from classmates and teachers are useless in a remote setting where students are expected to connect to the correct class at the correct time using unfamiliar technology, even when it is available.
Significance: Despite the challenges facing refugee students and families, this presentation offers myriad constructive solutions, particularly as they relate to literacy and social development. Recommendations include investigating student and family language and asset-based literacy histories, establishing school-university partnerships, providing access to technology and support, offering trusted adult counsel and peer mentorship opportunities, hosting family literacy activities, and presenting literacy materials and services that reflect the changing language needs of the community.
Finding Spaces of Belonging on Campus: A Case Study of Refugee Students in America
Mohamed ElHess
Context:There is no doubt that with the sociopolitical climate of immigration discourse in the U.S. immigration (building a wall, deportation, visa rejections, Muslim Travel ban) interweaving with the partisan political discourse of immigration sentiments (e.g., taking jobs, rejecting immersion in the culture), refugee students struggle to effectively integrate on campus. Therefore, understanding how these students experience a sense of belonging in their respective higher educational institutions is imperative in creating equitable and socially-just learning spaces in higher education.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore a sample of refugee college students from North Africa and Middle East and the ways in which they experienced a sense of belonging in their respective institutions as well as the affordances and barriers they experienced as refugee students.
Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework Third Space (Bhabha, 1994) strengthened the orientation of SB in this research. According to Elliot et al, (2016), ‘Third Space’ is the space for allowing “important breathing room” to establish social connections, offsetting loneliness, fostering personal learning, enjoyment, and development. (p.556). As refugee students may experience exclusion, marginalization, subordination, they strive to find a space in which they feel a sense of belonging through opportunities for safety, respect, and motivation to explore and make meaning of their experiences, and to have agency.
Design: In thisqualitative case study, data was collected across interviews throughout three academic years. A grounded theory approach was used to analyze the data. The data analysis started with open coding for each case study followed by a “cross-case analysis” (Hill, 2012).
Findings: The results showed that although the participants yearned to fit in and belong, the intersectional challenges of being a non-native speaker and resourceless shaped these students’ experiences of being left out, unvalued, and lost as outsiders. Results also showed that some participants were able to construct ‘spaces of belonging. Examples of these spaces were the international center and developing relationships with one another and safe faculty. These spaces serve as a prominent militating mechanism of eliminating the participants of feeling as different and thereby extending opportunities to build safe spaces.
Significance: This proposal addresses how belonging supports and negates specific races, cultures, and languages of marginalized individuals such as refugees in finding safe spaces. Thus, understanding contexts where we support and a sense of belonging of refugee students are vital in the 21st century and align with this year’s AERA theme, searching for the truth, by challenging the assumptions made about refugee students and the truths about refugee students experiences held by many in higher education, and those they should be able to trust and rely on for understanding and empathy. 456 words
Finding a Pathway to Unlocking Refugees’ Learning Potential: Current Challenges and Lifelong Technology-Enhanced Learning Solutions
Daria Mizza
Purpose &Framework: This presentation aims at proposing a guiding framework based on Fraser’s (2009, 2019) participatory conditions, for teachers of refugees to create alternative forms of success and establish foundations for lifelong learning.
Techniques: With this aim in mind, during the presentation we will examine UNHCR documents to acknowledge the purpose of lifelong education for refugees as a contemporary priority to unlocking refugee students’ potential and we will identify several key factors leading to its reconceptualization.
This is mainly accomplished by redistributing technology-enhanced resources to create activities that allow refugee students to develop skills for meaningful choice-making at transition points during and after their time in school.
Conclusions & Significance: The presentation concludes by emphasizing how student refugee lifelong learning opportunities are contingent upon the national education system detecting and accommodating the student’s preexisting skills and knowledge from the beginning. Such an improved learning experience can unlock refugee learners’ potential to establish themselves in a new society and serve as global citizens.
Promoting the Well-being of Asylum-Seeking and Refugee Children Within and Beyond the School Gates: Insights from the United Kingdom
Mehmet Karakus and Anas Hajar
Objectives: This presentation provides a narrative synthesis of the research findings on the well-being of asylum-seeking and refugeechildren in the United Kingdom. The relevant research studies on the well-being of asylum-seeking and refugee children in the UK context were retrieved, and their findings were thematically analyzed.
Framework: Racial and ethnic inequalities in child education and wellbeing have been described across population groups and contexts, particularly in developed nations such as the UK, the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand (Müller et al., 2020; Robertson, 2022). This presentation provides a systematic review of resources that tackled the issue of the well-being of refugee and asylum-seeking children within and beyond the school gates in the UK.
Methods & Sources: The thematic analysis was based on the overarching research questions as the main themes: identifying adversities that negatively impact the well-being of migrant/refugee students, the support mechanisms/interventions used to sustain/improve the well-being of migrant/refugee students, and the challenges to supporting the well-being of migrant/refugee students at school.
The authors identified 36 research articles published in peer-review journals and thematically analyzed them to document these children’s negative experiences that could impact their well-being. The reported studies also explained the support mechanisms and interventions needed to sustain and improve child welfare and the challenges encountered in supporting their well-being.
Findings: The research findings suggest that asylum-seeking and refugee children have diverse socioemotional and behavioral challenges, needs, expectations, psychological resources, and coping mechanisms that require schools to develop socioemotionally, culturally, or/and religiously sensitive responses for a more inclusive school environment. Teachers and other school staff need more training opportunities and educational resources, and schools need more financial, staff, and infrastructure support to provide the required academic and socio-emotional support.
Significance: This study gives insights to policymakers and practitioners to develop more inclusive policies and practices to improve and sustain the well-being of refugee/migrant students.
Teaching Refugee Children in Troubling Times
Leila Kajee
Context: Refugees, unlike immigrants who voluntarily move, confront a range of challenges that are unique to their situations. These include the need to teach children who have experienced the sustained trauma of being forced from their homes, possible loss of family members, loss of other forms of social support in the home country, health problems, and cultural and language challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the need for teachers, educational leaders, and policymakers who are prepared to serve refugees and the children of refugees. While for many students, school can be a safe place, for refugee students, it can either be a source of certainty or a source of more pain. Nearly 50 million children worldwide are refugees, and almost half of them do not attend school.
Purpose: Given this context, teachers face uphill challenges in coping with the diversity introduced by the introduction of refugee children. In this presentation I provide some of the key challenges encountered by teachers in the country, and submit for consideration a framework of key questions we could ask ourselves, as teachers, in our teaching.
Framework: In this presentation I propose a humanizing pedagogy, love as a critical act of resistance, hope and resilience to address challenges conceptually, and consider what this might imply for teaching refugee children.
Conclusions and significance: To address refugee needs in the classroom through a humanizing lens, and as an act of love, it becomes necessary to identify dilemmas and self-examine our feelings of fear, anger, guilt, or bias. As teachers we need to explore new roles and relationships with students, and to try on these new roles. To do so, we need to formulate a course of action and acquire the knowledge and skills to implement our new plans (Mezirow, 2003).
When Trauma as a Refugee Transcends Generations: How Teachers Might Be Allies to Help Successive Generations Build Success
Thomas DeVere Wolsey
Purpose: This presentation explores how trauma, such as forced displacement, is manifested in the children and grandchildren of refugees. After a brief discussion of what generational trauma is, the presentation focuses on what teachers and school leaders can do when they are working with students whose families have been displaced.
Framework: According to Yosso (2015), there are at least six types of capital the refugee families might maintain while simultaneously remaining off the scope of schooling systems founded on preserving the prevailing and often majority culture. Kwan (2019) is also consulted. A framework for helping teachers discover their positionality in relation to displaced students is identified.
Mode of Inquiry & Sources: A review of the literature that demonstrates how teachers and teacher educators can recognize funds of knowledge (Moll, date). Narratives of the lives of second-generation and subsequent offspring also add depth teachers might draw on to support students beyond the everyday tasks of schooling.
Findings & Significance: Traumas passed on from one generation to the next do not necessarily fix or set the outcomes from one generation to another. In this paper, we examine both the undesired outcomes and the possible achievements that might be built on what might have been tragic. · Transgenerational trauma often manifests itself in maladaptive behaviors. Understanding the nature of transgenerational trauma can change the way educators work with students who may be experiencing this type of trauma. A key for teachers working with children who have experienced trauma is empathy. However, empathizing is difficult work, and it requires that teachers take care of themselves. This chapter suggests that helping students find their sense of purpose can foster resilience. Educators with a purpose can help students to find their purpose, sometimes lost for a time due to trauma, in society, family, and in themselves, thus building resilience.
References
Bhabha, H. (1994). The location of culture. Routledge.
Cushing, I. (2020). The policy and policing of language in schools. Language in Society 49, 425–450.
Elliot, D. L., Baumfield, V., & Reid, K. (2016). Searching for ‘a third space’: a creative pathway towards international PhD students’ academic acculturation. Higher Education Research & Development, 35(6), 1180-1195.
Fraser, N. (2009). Scales of justice. Columbia University Press.
Fraser, N. (2019). The old is dying and the new cannot be born. Verso.
House, J. S. (1981). Work stress and social support. Addison-Wesley.
Hill, C. E. (2012). Consensual qualitative research: A practical resource for investigating social science phenomena. American Psychological Association.
Katsos, N. (2020). Bilingualism in the family and child well-being: A scoping review. International Journal of Bilingualism, 24(5-6), 1049-1070. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1367006920920939
Kwan, Y. Y. (2019). Providing asset‐based support for Asian American refugees: Interrogating transgenerational trauma, resistance, and affective capital. New Directions for Higher Education, 2019(186), 37–47. https://doi.org/10.1002/he.20322
Ortiz, A. M., & Rhoads, R. A. (2000). Deconstructing Whiteness as part of a multicultural education framework: From theory to practice. Journal of College Student Development, 41(1), 81-93.
Robertson, A. S. (2022). Scottish children’s panels: Where volunteers are essential for fostering child well-being. Journal of Public Child Welfare, 16(1), 7-27. https://doi.org/10.1080/15548732.2020.1792389
UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) (2016b). Missing out: Refugee education in crisis. Geneva: UNHCR. Retrieved March 2 2022 from https://inee.org/system/files/ resources/UNHCR_2016.pdf.
UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) (2019). Refugee education 2030: A strategy for refugee inclusion. Geneva: UNHCR. Retrieved 1 December 2021 from https://www.unhcr.org/5d651da88d7.pdf.
Yosso, T. J. (2005) Whose culture has capital? A critical race theory discussion of community cultural wealth. Race Ethnicity and Education, 8(1), 69-91. https://doi.org/10.1080/1361332052000341006
Part 1: Success Criteria and Direct Instruction in reading and writing
Part 2: Concept Mapping for better writing
Part 3: Reciprocal Teaching for better reading comprehension
Part 4: Feedback (focus on reinforcement and cues)
Español
La base de investigación de Visible Learning ® es la culminación de su búsqueda durante los últimos 25 años para responder a esta pregunta y representa más de 1850 metanálisis que comprenden más de 108,000 estudios que involucran a más de 300 millones de estudiantes en todo el mundo.
A través de la investigación de Visible Learning, John Hattie ha identificado más de 320 factores que influyen en el rendimiento de los estudiantes. Luego se dedicó a calcular una puntuación o “tamaño del efecto” para cada uno, de acuerdo con su relación con el rendimiento de los estudiantes. El tamaño del efecto promedio de estos 320 factores fue de 0,4, un marcador que se puede demostrar que representa el crecimiento de un año (promedio) por año de escolaridad para un estudiante. Cualquier factor que tenga un tamaño del efecto superior a 0,4 tiene un efecto positivo aún mayor en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes.
Elegimos cinco estrategias con los tamaños de efecto más grandes y el potencial de acelerar significativamente el desempeño de los estudiantes en lectura y escritura. Estas estrategias de enseñanza pueden ayudar a los estudiantes a acelerar su aprendizaje después del cierre de escuelas por la pandemia en Guatemala.
Adaptado para instrucción de lectura y escritura de https://www.visiblelearningmetax.com/ por el Dr. Thomas DeVere Wolsey. Tamaño del efecto es para aprendizaje en general.
Parte 1: Criterios de éxito y instrucción directa en lectura y escritura
Los criterios de éxito son los estándares por los cuales se juzgará el proyecto al final para decidir si ha tenido éxito o no. Suelen ser breves, construidos conjuntamente con los estudiantes, tienen como objetivo recordar a los estudiantes los aspectos en los que deben centrarse y pueden relacionarse con los aprendizajes superficiales (contenido, ideas) y profundos (relaciones, transferencia) de la(s) lección(es). Tamaño del efecto: 0,88
La instrucción directa de lectura y escritura se refiere a los enfoques de instrucción estructurados, secuenciados y dirigidos por el maestro. La instrucción directa requiere que los maestros: tengan intenciones de aprendizaje claras y criterios de éxito, fomentando el compromiso y la participación de los estudiantes en la tarea de aprendizaje; utilizar modelos y comprobar la comprensión en su enseñanza; y participar en la práctica guiada para que cada estudiante pueda demostrar su comprensión del nuevo aprendizaje trabajando en una actividad o ejercicio bajo la supervisión directa del maestro. Tamaño del efecto: 0,59
Parte 2: Mapeo de conceptos para una mejor escritura
La creación de representaciones gráficas del contenido del curso. Esta práctica se deriva de la teoría del psicólogo estadounidense David Ausubel de que los conceptos se pueden organizar jerárquicamente y que los estudiantes aprenden mejor organizando la información nueva en relación con la información que ya dominan. La clave del mapeo conceptual es que a los propios estudiantes se les enseña a crear la herramienta de aprendizaje mediante la cual luego dominarán el material del curso. La capacidad de percibir patrones organizativos y de estructurar los propios pensamientos es fundamental para la enseñanza de la lectura y la escritura. Tamaño del efecto: 0,64
Parte 3: Enseñanza recíproca para una mejor comprensión lectora
Una estrategia de instrucción que tiene como objetivo fomentar una mejor comprensión de lectura y monitorear a los estudiantes que tienen dificultades con la comprensión. La estrategia consta de cuatro pasos: resumir, cuestionar, aclarar y predecir. Es “recíproco” en el sentido de que los estudiantes y el profesor se turnan para conducir un diálogo sobre el texto en cuestión, haciendo preguntas siguiendo cada uno de los cuatro pasos. El maestro puede modelar los cuatro pasos, luego reducir su participación para que los estudiantes tomen la iniciativa y sean invitados a seguir los cuatro pasos después de leer un segmento de texto. Tamaño del efecto: 0,74
Parte 4: Retroalimentación (enfoque en el refuerzo y las señales)
Durante más de un siglo, la retroalimentación se ha considerado fundamental para la adquisición de habilidades y conocimientos y, sin embargo, han surgido debates sobre los medios más efectivos para proporcionar retroalimentación. Igual de crítica es la variabilidad en las influencias de retroalimentación. La retroalimentación en el aula se puede definir como “información que permite al alumno reducir la brecha entre lo que es evidente actualmente y lo que podría o debería ser el caso”.
Específicamente, la retroalimentación es información provista por un agente (p. ej., maestro, compañero, libro, padre, uno mismo/experiencia) con respecto a aspectos del desempeño o comprensión de uno que reduce la discrepancia entre lo que se entiende y lo que se pretende entender. La retroalimentación es beneficiosa para dominar los matices de la comprensión lectora y la escritura efectiva.Tamaño del efecto: 0,62
Retroalimentación en términos de refuerzo (positivo y negativo) y señales para avanzar a los siguientes pasos en el aprendizaje Tamaño del efecto: 0,92
See the slides:
To find resources for reciprocal teaching in Spanish / Para encontrar recursos para la enseñanza recíproca en español haga clic aquí
To find resources for the anti-rubric and feedback / Para encontrar recursos para la anti-rúbrica y la retroalimentación, haga clic aquí.
This textbook will serve as a guide for practitioners whose goal is to enhance refugee students’ learning experiences. With millions of children globally in refugee or seeking asylum status, this volume is a must-read for every 21st century educator.
Often, refugee students have missed a substantial amount of schooling as a result of the disruptions in their home countries and transit through refugee camps. Others have never been to school at any time. Refugees enter school with the same hopes and aspirations as other students, but they also confront serious challenges.
This textbook helps educators to restore hope through the following topics:
empowering refugees in school
liberating structures in resettlement camps
increasing opportunity at university
designing compassionate pedagogies
leveraging technology
connecting the community
Each chapter includes points to ponder as educators work to apply the principles of restoring hope for refugee students and their families. This textbook also provides practical suggestions and case studies that will help educators to put theory into practice.
Teachers and professors who are passionate about honing their skills will find this book a comprehensive resource when displaced students enter their classrooms. This volume will also be of great interest to teacher-educators, pre-service teachers, educators serving in refugee camps and school administrators.
Illustrates concepts introduced throughout the book, many with case studies
Provides specific examples of pedagogies for displaced students and the children of displaced persons
Highlights how school and university leaders can support teachers to create a hopeful learning environment for displaced persons.
Thomas DeVere Wolsey with Freddy Hiebert and Ibrahim M. Karkouti
At AERA 2022 in San Diego, we presented
The authors conducted an analysis at the word level of four Arabic multidisciplinary textbooks in grades one and two in Egypt. The study sought to answer four questions: What are the most common words in standard Arabic? How many of the most common words in standard Arabic are used in the textbooks? How dense is the use of common words? How many rare words are used in the textbooks studied? Analysis found that the texts did not make use of any of the rare words found in the corpus, but many words in the texts did not appear in either the reference corpus inclusive of the common words list. Recommendations for policymakers and textbook publishers were included.
My work examines the potential interactions and opportunities to bring together traditional and digital literacies. Digital literacies are the skills needed to navigate digital tools (computer, smartphone, Kindle etc.) to evaluate, interact with, and create content. The way we engage with information from traditional literacies, such as books, is different from how we consume and create information found online. My work looks primarily at how we can help students to understand the information they are obtaining in digital spaces, analyze it critically, consider what is credible or not credible, and synthesize everything. Read the rest of the post here.
By Thomas DeVere Wolsey with Roya Q. Scales and Seth A. Parsons (Guest Bloggers)
We are really excited to announce the release of our book, Becoming a Metacognitive Teacher: A Guide for Early and Preservice Teachers. In our years as teachers and professors, we have found that the best teachers were the ones who knew how to reflect on their practice and to think of teaching as a journey. Every day as a teacher offers something new to learn, to discover, and to explore.
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Here is what our colleagues have said about our book.
“This book emphasizes that teaching is a deadly serious, demanding, thoughtful, pragmatic art. It pulls no punches about how difficult it is to create a productive learning environment for the 20–30 divergent students under your care in the harried environment of classrooms, and that to succeed you need a proactive, focused mental stance, a reflective, thoughtful approach, and the energy to orchestrate multiple pedagogical variables in response to constantly varying conditions.” ―Gerald G. Duffy, professor emeritus, Michigan State University
“To foster metacognitive thinking among our students, teachers must have sophisticated metacognitive skills themselves. This unique and well-grounded text demonstrates the critical role of metacognition in developing the craft of effective teaching for preservice and novice teachers.” ―William Brozo, professor of literacy, School of Education, George Mason University
“Comprehensive and practical, this text provides an artful and thoughtful blend of strategies for prospective teachers’ personal and professional development. The goal of developing thinking teachers who keep their students at the forefront is supported with the author’s discussion of their and others’ personal and research histories, rich vignettes, and access to multiple digital resources (e.g., TED talks, blogs, instructional videos). A text for both teacher educators and prospective teachers.” ―Victoria J. Risko, professor emerita, Vanderbilt University
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My graduate students in the Human Development and Learning Theories course took on the challenge of showing how various learning theories look at home and at school. They created scenarios and explainers using a variety of video tools.
Theories are nice, but the real test of a theory for parents and teachers is how a theory can be useful. Parents are grappling with the challenges of working from home and helping their children through the current COVID-19 pandemic. These videos are designed to provide quick and useful ideas to ease the burden.
In this video by Rasha , Farah , and Farah, social learning theories are demonstrated for both children and adolescents. Learn more about social learning on their blog, Who Am I?
Do you face challenges with your kids staying at home? These two videos present a synopsis on how to work with kids during COVID-19 pandemic especially how to teach emotional discipline. Parenting tips that you will love! Nesma, Lamiaa, and Dina’s blog Emotional Development can be found here.
Hana, Sara, and Mona tackled experiential learning. Watch while Hana shows us how NOT to make brownies. View their blog on experiential learning: Do Think Conclude Adapt for more information.
Guess what today, April 23, 2020, is! It’s World Book Day, a UNESCO project. While Literacy Beat celebrates books and reading all year round, World Book Day offers an extra opportunity to honor the books (and other texts) we love. Here are some resources from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and others to help you party like the Dickens.
UNESCO’s World Book Day page with hashtags, toolkit, and links. #worldbookday
National Day‘s page with ideas to celebrate. Find other celebration days for all 365 days of the year, too.
The WorldBookDay.com website has a number of #StayAtHome suggestions.
*I may earn a small commission for Amazon Affiliate links to any products or services from this website. Your purchase helps support our work in bringing you Literacy Beat.
School buildings closed for the rest of the year and universities shuttered their doors, but education must and does go on. In my formerly face-to-face classes, presentations we scheduled for live audiences are now going to be online. Alternatives to live presentations are many, and I will share some of them in this post.
First things first, though: How do you choose an online presentation tool?
Determine what aspects of the presentation you will assess and how that will be done. What gets assessed depends on your tolerance for new technologies (or willingness to try them) and that of your students. Remember that many of them will be trying out tools they have never used before.
Are you able to support your students as they try out new digital tools? If not, are they able to find the support they need? Check out this post on the lazy classroom for a few ideas about how much to challenge your students to try new tech tools.
Onward to some curated resources that you may find helpful. Add your own in the comments, and you might enjoy this post by our colleague, Renee Hobbs where she shares examples of some digital tools she uses.
There are a variety of free digital, web-based resources available for instructors, educators, and learners to create useful and meaningful multimedia presentations. Keep reading.
MULTIMEDIA PRESENTATION TOOLS
Tool Options
Glogster: Tool for creating interactive, innovative multimedia posters, glogs, and more. Read more here.
Prezi: Tool for creating visual presentations that allows you or the viewer to zoom in “to the details” or out to show the “big picture.”
VoiceThread: VoiceThread is an interactive tool that permits creators to add video, still images, audio, and text using a variety of tools. Creators can enable comment features that permit viewers to add their own thoughts to the presentation.
Flipgrid allows users to post short videos to which others can reply asynchronously.
Narrated PowerPoint® posted to SlideShare, AuthorStream, Vimeo, or YouTube. PowerPoint includes a narration/dictate option and can be uploaded or converted for online presentation using one of the tools linked above.
PowToon is a popular and powerful video tool that is user-friendly.
You can also read the following reviews of some of these tools and a discussion of other tools here:
Remember when designing your multimedia presentation:
Simplicity adds value.
Aim for a few words or phrases on a slide (the nugget of information).
Aim for one powerful image on a slide. That image could be accompanied by minimal text, a symbol, or no text at all.
Be creative in capturing and maintaining attention.
Eliminate distraction: use animations, flash, or sound effects sparingly and only when necessary to get the point across.
Avoid slide transitions.
Design artfully:
What does your audience already know?
What do you want your viewers to learn?
Check PresentationZen for more ideas on artful presentation design.
Learn more about Multimedia and Fair Use
Working with multimedia, almost invariably, means incorporating the works of others into a presentation (cf. Huffman, 2010). Teachers and students do have some latitude, called Fair Use. However, it is always an effective practice to make sure that the intellectual property of others are attributed or cited in any presentation. While there can be substantial penalties for infringing on the works created by others, the most important point, arguably, is that attributing the works of others is simply good citizenship. Creators want credit for their work, and any user is a potential creator, as well. In digital environments, creators, authors, and users, take care of one another by properly attributing the sources they use. Though teachers, professors, and students are very familiar with citation of text-based sources (e.g. APA, MLA, Chicago), these style guides often do not provide sufficient guidance when a student, for example, wants to incorporate images, audio, or video created by others in a multimedia presentation.
An excellent place to begin learning about digital citizenship and fair use is the MediaLab at the University of Rhode Island. Teacher and student resources can be found on the MediaLab website.
Though not exhaustive, these websites provide a place to begin looking for music and image sources that students and teachers might use in their own multimedia presentations while considering the rights of others who have contributed their works.
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